中国公共事业民营化改革的障碍及其战略选择

Barriers and Strategy Choice for the Privatization of China’s Public Service Sectors

民营化的核心理念强调在公共服务的供给上更多地依赖于市场,更少地依赖于政府。凭借效率上的工具优势,民营化得到了西方众多国家的青睐,也在中国公共事业领域得到了广泛的实践。但是,民营化工具优势的发挥有其特定的适用条件,政府能力的不足、市场发育的不成熟和第三部门发展的不充分成为制约中国公共事业民营化改革的重要障碍。为此,需要在中国公共事业民营化改革中引入新的发展战略,即核心战略、竞争战略、结果战略、顾客战略和控制战略,以便有效地发挥民营化的工具优势,同时更好地彰显出公共服务的公共性价值。

As a governance tool of public sectors, the key idea of privatization stresses on relying more on market and less on government in public service delivery. Privatization has found favor in many westem countries because of its tool superiority in efficiency, which has been widely put into practice within public service sectors. But special conditions are required to give full rein to the tool superiority of privatization. The insufficiency of governmental abilities, the immaturity of market growth and the underdevelopment of the tertiary sector have become the barriers to the privatization of China＇s public service sector. In order to give full rein to the efficiency superiority of privatization and to make better public service possible, new development strategies including the core strategy, the competition strategy, the consequence strategy, the customer strategy and the control strategy should be adopted.