阻燃ABS燃烧性能及对火灾中人员所需安全疏散时间的影响

Study on Combustion Performance and Available Safe Evacuation Time in Fire for Flame Retarded ABS

采用工业化产品用量最大的十溴二苯醚(DBDPO)和更新替代产品十溴二苯乙烷(DBDPE)制备了阻燃丙烯腈-丁二烯-苯乙烯共聚物(ABS),利用锥形量热仪研究了阻燃ABS的燃烧性能,在此基础上利用场模型软件(FDS)进行了火灾模拟研究。结果表明,与ABS/Sb2O3相比,ABS/DBDPO/Sb2O3的平均热释放速率、热释放速率峰值、有效燃烧热、总热释放分别下降了42.29%4、8.87%、24.11%、63.24%,ABS/DBDPE/Sb2O3分别下降了41.49%、44.99%2、1.37%、62.31%,但二者的烟毒参数、平均比消光面积、释烟量、平均CO生成量明显上升。FDS模拟结果显示ABS/Sb2O3的可用安全疏散时间为67.7 s,小于计算所需安全疏散时间139.5 s,对人员疏散造成威胁,ABS/DBDPO/Sb2O3和ABS/DBDPE/Sb2O3的可用安全疏散时间均大于150 s,对于人员疏散是安全的。

ABS/DBDPO/Sb2O3 and ABS/DBDPE/Sh2O3 composites have been prepared, and their flame retarding performance was studied using cone calorimeter and simulated with field simulation software （FDS）. Compared with ABS/Sb2O3, the average value of heat release rate, peak heat release rate, effect heat combustion, and total heat release of ABS/DBDPO/Sb2O3 system decreased by 42. 29 %, 48. 87 %, 24. 11 by 41.49 %, 44. 99 %, 21.37 %, and 63.24 %, those of ABS/DBDPE/Sb2O3 system decreased and 62. 31%. The specific extinction area, total smoke release, and average CO production of ABS/DBDPO/Sb2O3 and ABS/DBDPE/Sb2O3 were higher. The FDS results indicated that the available evacuation time of ABS/Sb2O3 was 67.7 s, while that of ABS/ DBDPO/Sb2O3 and ABS/DBDPE/Sb2O3 were larger than 150 s, higher than the required evacuation time 139. 5 s.