血管舒张药物解痉作用的研究

Study on vasodilation of vasodilators

目的探讨６种常用血管舒张药的作用机理并比较药物的作用强度。方法将大鼠颈总动脉环悬挂在含２０ｍｌＫｒｅｂｓ液的浴槽中，测定血管环对各种药物反应后等长收缩张力的变化。结果利多卡因、硝苯啶、山莨菪碱、罂粟碱、硝普钠和酚妥拉明对１０－７ｍｏｌ／Ｌ去甲肾上腺素收缩的血管均产生恒定的舒张反应。半数抑制剂量（ＩＣ５０）硝普钠为３．１６×１０－８ｍｏｌ／Ｌ，罂粟碱为４．２０×１０－７ｍｏｌ／Ｌ，硝苯啶为１．３２×１０－７ｍｏｌ／Ｌ，酚妥拉明为１０－７ｍｏｌ／Ｌ，山莨菪碱为５．６２×１０－５ｍｏｌ／Ｌ，利多卡因为１０－４ｍｏｌ／Ｌ。去除血管内皮不影响硝普钠，硝苯啶，酚妥拉明和山莨菪碱对血管的舒张作用；但抑制了浓度为１０－７～１０－５ｍｏｌ／Ｌ罂粟碱的血管舒张作用，增强了浓度为１０－５～１０－４ｍｏｌ／Ｌ利多卡因的血管舒张作用。结论硝普钠、罂粟碱、硝苯啶、酚妥拉明、利多卡因和山莨菪碱均是有效的血管松弛剂，以硝普钠的作用最强。内皮细胞的功能可影响罂粟碱和利多卡因的血管舒张作用。

Objectives To observe the mechanisms of vasodilators and to compare the effect of the drugs. Methods Isolated rat common carotid arterial rings were suspended in 20 Results Lidocaine, nifedipine, anisodamine,papaverine,sodium nitroprusside,and phentolamine all caused concentration clependent vasodi lation of arterial rings contracted by 10 -7 mol/L norepinephrine. The IC 50 of sodium nitroprusside was 3.2×10 -8 mol/L,papaverine 4.2×10 -7 mol/L, nifedipine 1.3×10 -7 mol/L,phentolamine 10 -7 mol/L , anisodamine 5.6×10 -5 mol/L, and lidocaine 10 -4 mol/L. Removal of endothelium had no effects on sodium nitroprusside, nifedipine, phentolamine, and anisodamine induced vasodilation, but inhibited the vasodilative effect of papaverine(10 -7 ～10 -5 mol/L) and increased the vasodilative effect of lidocaine (10 -5 ～10 -4 mol/L) . Conclusions Sodium nitroprusside, papaverine,nifedipine, phentolamine, lidocaine,and anisodamine all were effective vasodilators. The most effective vasodilator of them were sodium nitroprusside.The endothelium influenced vasodilation effect of papaverine and lidocaine.