工厂化生产双孢蘑菇栽培种关键工艺研究

Techniques for mass producing of mushroom spawns

通过对不同透气膜的透气塑料袋、不同配方的原种进行比较试验,从麦粒基质含水量、麦粒基质表面理化性状以及抗菌素添加配比等研究适合工厂化生产的双孢蘑菇栽培种。结果表明：T型透气膜的透气塑料袋更适合现有工厂化生产工艺条件;矿物原种为生产双孢蘑菇大袋栽培种的理想用种;蒸煮后的小麦培养基含水量控制在42%～45%能保证栽培种较高成品率;小麦蒸煮时添加0.3%石灰、2%CaSO4、4%CaCO3与能使麦粒表面附着1层厚度适合的弱碱性包衣,其黏度、酸碱度等理化性质适合双孢蘑菇菌丝生长,比杂菌具有较强的竞争优势;添加0.02%苯骈咪唑44号、农用硫酸链霉素0.025%（干重浓度）能防止双孢蘑菇栽培种生长后期多种霉菌及细菌污染,且对双孢蘑菇菌丝影响微弱。

By varying the breathable plastic bags,formulation of mother spawns,moisture levels of the wheat,external physical and chemical characteristics of the wheat,and antibiotics added to the wheat,the mass producing of mushroom spawns was optimized.The results showed that（a） T type breathable bags was suitable for the application;（b） the mineral mother spawn was the best;（c） moisture level should be in the range of 42% to 45% to yield the highest production rate;（d） cooking wheat with 0.3% quicklime,2% gypsum and 4% calcium carbonate resulted in a alkaline coat on the wheat, which is conducive to mycelium growth and improves its competitiveness to other mieroorganisms; and, （e） cooking wheat with 0. 02% benzimidazole 44 and 0. 025% streptomycin sulfate prevented spawns from mold and bacterial infections during incubation, while being harmless to the mycelium development.