新疆农业可持续发展问题研究

THE STUDY IN SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT OF AGRICULTURE IN XINJIANG

新疆由于在水土开发过程中长期忽略了干旱区生态环境的脆弱性，绿洲农业建设在取得长足进展的同时，也积累了严重的生态环境问题，使得新疆农业可持续发展面临着严峻的挑战。通过分析新疆干旱环境的背景及农业资源的特点，剖析了新疆农业持续发展所面临的问题，进而提出相应的对策。

The crux of sustainable agriculture is to develop agriculture coordinated with protection of ecosystem and environment. At present, sustainable agriculture is an ideal agricu1tural model suited to the world agricultural situation and development trand. To implement the strategy of agricultural sustainable development is an inexorable choice of human beings. Xinjiang is situated in north－western arid area of China, its ecosystem and environment are very fragile. In Xinjiang, oasis ecosystem relies on mountain ecosystem and is surrounded desert ecosystem, its sustainabIe development is facing with more severe pressure of environment. Although Xinjiang is located in Eurasia hinterland, characterized by arid climate, less precipitation, violent evaPOration, vast deserts, closed environment, dispersed oases and fragile ecosystem, its unique environment forms abundant climate resources, smooth land in plain and many river basins, and the developing irrigation agriculture is richly endowed by nature. Xin jiang has become the typical area of irrigation agriculture in China. During the long－term agriculture development, because of neglecting fragile ecosystem and environment of arid area, agro－ecology has been destroyed in a certain degree, and ability of sustainable use of agriculture resources has come down, sustainable development of agrigulture in Xinjiang is facing with severe challenge.Problems of sustainable development of agriculture in Xinjiang are as follows: (1) desertfication is aggravating, ecosystem has worsened; (2) cultivated area is large, but its quality is inferior, and reserve land for farm is also of low quality; (3) supply and demand of water resources does not balance; (4)population of soil is aggravating, plant diseases and insect pests spread rapidly; (5) POpulation increase rapidly and quality of population is very low.Lastly, in view of these problems, some countermeasures are proposed to promote the sustainable development of agriculture, which include: (1) implementing the principles of which intensified use of agriculture resources is the same imPOrtant as protection of resources and environment, that is to preoent deterioration of land, protect cultivated land and enhance its quality; to ensure the balance of supply and demand of water resources during agriculture development; to develop intensified water－saving agriuclture. (2) controlling POpulation growth, rais ing quality of population, enhancing the whole nation's awareness of sustainable development.(3) building and developing sustainable cotton industry. (4 ) taking animal husbandry as breach, probing new model of combination of agriculture and animal husbandry, bui1ding ecotype agriculture system. (5) developing market － agriculture, implementing agriculture － business strategy.