FDI与外包两种生产转移方式下加工贸易进口的决定因素研究——以江苏省为例

An analysis on the determinants of processing trade imports under the production transfers of FDI and outsourcing:a case study in Jiangsu

全球生产网络中主要的两种生产转移方式是FDI和外包,加工贸易进口数量是对这两种生产转移方式程度的直接衡量。本文利用江苏省加工贸易制造业2002-2006年的行业面板数据,重点考察了FDI与外包两种生产转移方式下加工贸易进口决定因素的异同。总体回归结果显示,规模经济效应、低税收负担和良好的行业发展前景对加工贸易进口有显著的促进作用;进行对比分析后发现两种生产转移方式的进口决定因素存在着较大的差异:FDI生产转移方式下企业技术进步是加工贸易进口增加的决定因素之一;而外包转移方式下技术进步因素的影响不显著,进口增加更多依赖于规模经济和低税收。研究还发现接受外包的行业其劳动力成本对进口的影响作用存在着"门槛效应"。

There are two major types of production transfer in the global production networks: FDI and outsourcing. The level of production transfers can be directly measured by the import volumes of processing trade. This paper empirically studies and compares the different determinants of import volumes of processing trade in both FDI and outsourcing,using the panel data sets of the processing trade in Jiangsu Province during 2002-2006. The overall regression results show that economies of scale,low tax burden and good development prospects of a certain industry have significantly promoted the import volumes in processing trade. Comparative analysis reveals that the imports determining factors of the two types of production transfer have remarkable differences. Under the FDI production transfer,the enterprise technological innovation is one of the determining factors of processing trade’s import increases,while under the outsourcing transfer,the influence is not significant,so the import increase relies more on economies of scale and low tax revenue. This study also finds that when considering the labor cost as an 'influencing factor' of imports,there is a 'threshold effect' in outsourcing industries.