试论战后“联总”对华耕畜援助

UNRRA Farm Animal Aid to China After the War of Resistance Against Japan

抗战时期中国农村耕畜损失惨重,迫切需要补充。战后,行政院善后救济总署(CNRRA)向联合国善后救济总署(UNRRA)申请耕畜援助,联合国善后救济总署将骡子作为大规模耕畜援助的品种输入中国,行政院善后救济总署接收并短期饲养了骡子。随后,在双方的共同配合下,骡子被分配给山西、河北及平津地区的农民及农业团体,用于农业生产。在申请、接收、饲养、分配骡子的过程中,联合国善后救济总署与行政院善后救济总署既有合作又有龃龉,前者作为援助方掌握了物资供给、分配的主动权;后者则因情势所困,处于被动地位。双方关系不和,影响了援助事业的展开。以骡子援助中国是战后大规模外援的一个极小案例,却可以折射出许多深层次的历史内涵。

During the Anti-Japanese War period, China＇s rural farm animals suffered heavy losses which badly needed to be rep＇lenished. China National Relief and Rehabilitation Administration transmitted to the United Nations Relief and Rehabilitation Administration a request for assistance. The great number of mules were deliverd to China by UNRRA as the draft animals aid. The mules were mostly distributed for breeding to farmers and agricultural organizations by the cooperation of both sides, after a short time of breeding by livestock station. The mules have been assigned to the farms and agricultural groups in Shanxi, Hebei and Beijing and Tianjin for agricultural production. In the course of application,acceptance, feeding, distribution of mules , the UNRRA and CNRRA had both cooperation and discord. The former as a donor master controlled material supply and distribution initiative; the latter locked in the awkward situation was in a passive position. The operation of the program was affected by rough relationship between CNRRA and UNRRA. The study of the case among a large-scale foreign aid in the post-war case could reflect the deep-rooted history.