岩溶石漠化区牧草植物地上部分生物量的动态变化

Dynamic changes of the aboveground biomass of several forages in karst rocky desertification area

以菊苣Cichoriumintybus、杂交狼尾草Pennisetumamericanun×P.pureum、类玉米Zea diploperennis、混播牧草(菊苣、杂交狼尾草和柱花草Stylosanthes guianensiscv.Reyan No.2)、黑麦草Loliumperenn、紫花苜蓿Medicagosativa和白三叶Trrifoliumrepens为对象,研究了其地上部分生物量的动态变化以及刈割时株高与产量大小的关系,旨在为岩溶石漠化区选择适宜的牧草种类以及牧草的合理种植提供科学依据。结果表明,刈割高度对杂交狼尾草、类玉米、黑麦草和白三叶产量均有显著影响,而对菊苣、混播牧草和紫花苜蓿的影响较小。不同刈割时期牧草鲜、干草产量有显著差异,表明各种牧草无论是鲜草产量还是干草产量均有明显的季节变化。杂交狼尾草适于在牧草高产季节用于青贮,是解决冬季缺草的有效途径之一。仅刈割了3次的类玉米除7月鲜、干草产量与菊苣和杂交狼尾草差异不大,8月与10月鲜、干草产量仅为菊苣和杂交狼尾草的50%和30%。与单播牧草相比,混播牧草具有产量较为稳定的优势。类玉米死亡后轮作的黑麦草、混播牧草死亡后轮作的紫花苜蓿以及同期种植的白三叶均可以作为轮作牧草,不仅可以充分提高土地的利用价值,而且可以丰富牧草种类,是春秋季畜禽的良好草质资源。

The aboveground biomass dynamic and the relationship between plant height and yield of Cichorium intybus, Pennisetum americanun × P. pureum, Zea diploperennis, Lolium perenne , Medicago sativa , Tri foliurn repens, mixed cultivation of C. intybus, P. arnericanun × P. pureurn and Stylosanthes guia,ensis cv. Reyan No. 2 were studied in karst rocky desertification area to provide a scientific basis for selecting the suitable forage species and cultivating techniques. The results showed that the harvesting height significantly affecled the yields of P. arnericanun× P. pureum, Z. diploperennis, L. perenne and T. repens, but little influence on that of C. intybus, the mixed cuhivation and M. sativa. The difference of fresh and dry matter yields at different harvest times was significant, indicating that both fresh yield and dry yield had obvious Seasonal variation. In which, C. intybus was a high productive forage. P. arnericanun× P. pureurn was productive and high quality and suitable fro making silage. The yields of Z. diploperen,is in August and October accounted for only 50% and 30% of C. intybus and P. americanun×P, pureum respeclively. The yield of mixed cultivation was stable compared with the monocuhure, L. perenne, M. sativa and T. repens could be used as rotation crops for fully using the land resource and increasing the forage supply in spring and autumn.