矿床的环境质量—— 一个新的地学研究领域

ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY OF ORE DEPOSIT A NEW RESEARCH FIELD OF GEOSCIENCES

为了人类社会的可持续发展，需要实行矿业开发和环境保护的协调发展。矿床的环境质量就是适应这一需要而正在形成的边缘研究领域，它的目的是为改善环境而进行的矿床学研究。主要任务是：①研究矿床的环境质量，包括矿床类型、物质成分（主要是有害组分）、矿体产状、矿床构造及矿床的表生变化过程；②按环境影响程度对矿床作分类，建立矿床的地质环境模型；③进行矿床的地质环境评价；④研究和找寻经济环境综合效益好的矿床新类型。面向２１世纪，矿床地质工作者应更新观念，开拓新的研究领域，将矿床学研究单纯为找矿、采选冶服务转变为矿业开发与环境保护的协调发展服务。

For the sustainable development of humankind we must struggle for the coordinately growth of mining production with environmental protection. One of the ways to achieve this aim is to develop a new research field environmental quality of ore deposit. The main research topics of this new discipline are:(1) the environmental quality of mineral deposit, namely the ore types, the concentration, distribution and controls of toxic metals and minerals, orebody structure and surficial changes; (2) classifying the ore deposits from the environmental pollution degrees and establishing the geo environmental model of ore deposit; (3) evaluating the geo environment of mineral deposit; (4) studying and exploring the new ore deposits and new mineral resource types with high economic environmental quality. Facing the new century, the economic geologists have to change their scientific idea and widen the research field. It is valuable to change the aim of metallogenic study from ‘only for explorating new mineral deposits’ to ‘for expolrating new mineral deposits and doing the basic research on mining environmental protection’.