人性与制度的建构——荀子与卢梭思想比较

Human Nature and Political System Construction:Comparison of the Thought between Tsunzi and Rousseau

人性,是制度建构的奠基性观念。由于荀子与卢梭对人性的不同解读,情感和理性在其制度建构中也就起着不同的作用。无论是荀子的"群"还是卢梭的"公意",都强调了公共利益的优先性。公共利益应该是制度建构的根本,代表公共利益的公意在制度建构中起着决定性作用。但是,由于现有的秩序是建立在强力基础之上,需要用正义原则建构新的秩序,才能够保证公意的公正性。

The human nature is the foundation for the political system construction. Because of the different interpretation on the human nature, both Tsunzi and Rousseau think that the emotion and the rationality have different functions on the political system construction. However, they all emphasize that the public interest is the priority so that the general will play a main role in the system construction. So people should use the principle of the justice to construct a new system to guarantee the impartiality of the general will.