隐喻:认知性语言结构方式

Metaphor:A Cognitive Structuring Way of Language

隐喻是从"始发域"(sourced domain)向"目的域"(target domain)的映射。它被视为人类普遍的一种思维方式和认知手段。作为认知性语言结构方式,隐喻可以用合作原则和会话含意学说来理解和解释。隐喻性话语可能表面违反合作原则的某些准则,但它传达了会话含意。在人们解析隐喻时,运用类比方法推理出的结论具有或然性。隐喻是联系具体概念域和抽象概念域的手段,因而它是驱动语法化进程最主要的认知因素之一。

Metaphor is the mapping from the sourced way and a cognitive means. As a cognitive structuring domain to the target domain. It is regarded as an universal thinking way of language, the metaphor can be understood and interpreted by the principle of the cooperation and the theory of the conversational implication. Apparently, the metaphorical utterances may violate some criteria of the cooperation principle, but they convey the conversational implication. In the metaphor research, conclusions obtained by using the method of analogy are not always reliable. As a connector between specific conceptual domain and the abstract conceptual domain, the metaphor is one of the most important cognitive factors to advance the grammaticalization process.