凤梨类植物的种质资源与分类

Germplasm Resources and Taxonomy of Bromeliad

凤梨类植物归属于凤梨科,原产于北美加勒比海沿岸至南美洲,仅有1种分布在非洲西海岸。凤梨科可分为沙漠凤梨、凤梨和空气凤梨3个亚科,有56属、2 656种、342个变种。在园艺学上,根据其在原产地的生活方式,可分成附生、地生和岩生3大类;依据凤梨的生态习性,还可分为地生型凤梨、积水型凤梨和空气型凤梨这3个类型;根据其用途,可分为食用凤梨和观赏凤梨。不同类型的栽培方式有较大的差异。除菠萝(主要作为果树)外,其它种类都具有较大的观赏价值,其中积水型凤梨和铁兰银叶种已成为国际市场上的新型花卉。

Bromeliad belongs to Bromeliaceae, origin from Caribbean coast of North American to South America. Only one （Pitcairnia Feliciana） distributes in the west coast of Africa. Bromeliaceae can be divided into three subfamilies： Pitcairnioideae, Bromelioideae and Tillandsioideae. It includes 56 genus, 2 656 species and 342 variations. According to its life style in provenance, Bromeliad can be divided into epiphyte, terrestrial and lithophyte. According to ecological characteristics, Bromeliad can be divided into terrestrial Bromeliads, tank Bromeliads and atmospheric Bromeliads. According to purpose, Bromeliad can be divided into edible Bromeliads and ornamental Bromeliads. There are great differences in the cultural pattern of different types of Bromeliads. Except Ananas cornosus, which is regarded as fruiter, other species have ornamental value. For example, the tank Bromeliads and silver-leaf tillandsia have already become new species in the international market.