《赫梯法典》译注

Translation and Commentary on Hittite Law

《赫梯法典》是赫梯历史上重要文献之一。它的编撰始于赫梯古王国时期，很可能先后在中王国和新王国时期进行了重新编撰和修订。赫梯法典的条款内容涉及社会经济生活、国家义务的履行和婚姻关系等各个方面，明确了各种买卖、租借和雇佣的价格、多项犯罪行为以及相应的量刑等内容。较之赫梯法典不同时期的版本，我们看到，量刑的轻重有了明显的变化，死刑的运用仅限个别情况，特别是在有的条款中，死刑后来可以被罚金取代，国王的裁决可以是死刑或者豁免死罪。《赫梯法典》是赫梯人所遵循的重要行为准则，是认识赫梯国家社会经济和法律文化的一篇重要文献。

Hittite Law is one of the most important documents in Hittite history.Being compiled since the Old Hittite period, it was enlarged and reedited in the period of the Middle and New Hittite Kingdom.The items covered the economic life, performance of the country's obligations and marriage relations, etc.The items also clarified the prices of dealings, rents and employments, various offences, such as homicide, assault, burglary, arson, and corresponding punishments.Through a comparative study of different versions of Hittite Law, we may find the punishment of the offence was gradually lightened, and even the death penalty could be replaced by certain amount of fine, and the Hittite kings could exempt the offender from capital crime.Hittite Law offers the basic regulations which the Hittites should obey in their social and economical life, and it is an important text by which we may go further into the economic conditions and legal system of Hittite society.