石油降解微生物的物理化学诱变育种研究

Physical and Chemical Mutation for Cultivation of Oil-Degrading Bacterial Strain

叙述了紫外线照射和甲基硝基亚硝基胍（简称硝基胍）处理法微生物诱变原理,详细介绍了实验方法,报道了代号为ZSF的一种棒状杆菌属石油降解菌的诱变结果。实验用油为黏度50 mPa.s的一种胜利原油和柴油的等质量混合油,ZSF菌对混合油的降解率为36.53%.ZSF受紫外线照射时,随照射时间延长（90-240 s）,其死亡率不断增大,照射后的ZSF菌对混合油的降解率先增大后减小,在照射时间为150 s时出现最高值47.38%。用亚硝基胍处理ZSF、处理时间为60 m in时,随亚硝基胍用量增大（0.05-0.45 g/L）,ZSF菌死亡率不断增大,对混合油的降解率也是先增大后减小,亚硝基胍用量为0.35 g/L时出现最高值49.12%。两种诱变方法均可用于石油降解菌的育种,亚硝基胍法较好。

The principles,experimental techniques and results of microbial mutagenesis by UV radiation and chemical treatment with N-methyl-N-mitronitrosoguanidine,MNNG,were pesented for cultivating a petroleum degrading bacterium of Corynebacterium spp.,notated as ZSF.The oil sample taken was a mixed of a Shengli crude oil of viscosity 50 mPa·s and diesel oil in equal mass ratio and the degration rate of the mixed oil by ZSF bacterium was of 36.53%.With elongating UV radiation time from 90 to 240 s,the percent death of ZSF baeterium caused by UV radiation rose continuously and the degradation rate of the mixed oil by UV treated ZSF bacterium rose initially and then lowered,giving a maximum of 47.38% located at a point of radiation time 150 s.With increasing MNNG dosage from 0.05 to 0.45 g/L in a chemical treatment stretched over 60 min,the percent death of ZSF bacterium caused by MNNG rose continuously and the degradation rate of the mixed oil by MNNG treatment rose initially and then dropped down,giving a maximum of 49.12% at a point of MNNG dosage 0.35 g/L.The two methods of mutagenesis were useful to cultivate petroleum degrading bacteria for MEOR and of them MNNG treatment was better.