历史上的科学分类及现代科学技术的新特点

History of Scientific Classification and Characteristics of Modern Science and Technology

科学分类的进程大体上可分为古代、近代和现代三个时期。第一次进行知识分类的是亚里士多德。近代前期(16—18世纪),通过分门别类的研究,使基础自然科学分类初步完成;近代后期(18—19世纪),圣西门、黑格尔等曾对科学进行过分类。在批判地继承前人成果的基础上,马克思、恩格斯进行了新的科学分类。到了现代,根据科学技术发展的新特点,卡尔纳普、邦格、凯德洛夫等对科学分类提出了自己的观点。

The history of scientific classification can be roughly divided into three periods in ancient times,contemporary times and modern times.Who firstly made scientific classification was Aristotle.In the former period of contemporary times（16th-18th century）,the classification of basic natural science was primarily completed;in the latter period of contemporary times（18th-19th century）,Saintsimon and Hegel did research on scientific classification.Critically inheriting achievements of the former philosophers, Marx and Engels made new scientific classification. According to new characteristics of science and technology in modem times, Carnap, Bunge and кедроВ proposed some new ideas on scientific classification.