美国金融改革方案对金融监管模式与机构的改革

The Reform over Financial Supervisory Regime and Institutions in the U.S.Financial Reform Plan

这场金融危机发生前,美国金融监管体制是以"双线多头"监管为最大特色的伞形金融监管模式。美国总结这场金融危机教训,在联邦层面对金融监管模式与机构设置的改革主要是:扩大美联储的权力,特别是由其对一级金融控股公司实行并表监管;由现有和增设的职能监管机构对各自职能领域实行职能监管;增设消费者金融保护局,对金融消费者实行定向保护监管;由金融服务监督委员会进行协调和监督。美国这次金融改革的一些方面,特别是对金融控股公司实行实质并表监管值得我国借鉴。

Before this financial crisis, the U.S. financial supervisory regime is an umbrella supervision characterized by the socalled ＂double-line and multi-institution＂ supervision. The main reforms for financial supervisory regime and institutions undertaken by the U. S. at federal level after conclusion of this crisis are to broaden Federal Reserve＇ s power, and provide it with the power of consolidated supervision over Tier 1 FHC in particular; exercise functional supervision in each own domain by the existing and newly created functional supervisors; create Consumer Financial Protection Agency engaged in the protection supervision of financial consumers; create Financial Services Oversight Council to make coordination and oversight. Some aspects of the U. S. financial reforms, and the substantive consolidated supervision over financial holding companies in particular, shed light for financial reforms in China.