违法行政行为效力矫治制度的困境和应对策略

Dilemmas and Solutions to Curing Defects in Administrative Acts

补正和追认是治愈行政形式违法性的两种重要方式。其中,补正主要用于治愈行政程序的违法,而追认用于治愈行政主体的超出其职权范围的行为。这两种制度能够促进行政效能的实现,然而,也会带来行政正当程序和行政组织秩序被牺牲的风险。因此,一方面要在立法中限制其适用对象和适用条件,另一方面,还需要在法律适用中进行严格解释,以确保行政正当程序和行政组织法功能的实现。

Ratification and mending are two important approaches to cure the administrative formal illegality. Mending is applied to cure the illegality in administrative procedure and ratification is applied to cure the illegality due to excess of administrative jurisdiction of the administrative subject. These two systems can promote the realization of administrative efficiency, but they may make the administrative due process and the administrative organization order be overwhelmed by administrative efficiency. Thus ,on the one hand, the scope and the preconditions of these two systems should be strictly definited in the legislation; on the other hand, strict interpretation method should be adopted in the implementation of law, in order to ensure the function of the administrative due process and organization order.