菜用大豆籽粒形成规律及产量估测的研究

STUDY ON FORMATIVE REGULARITY OF VEGETABLE SOYBEAN SEEDS AND ITS YIELD ESTIMATION

本文分析菜用大豆产量主要指标籽粒、荚皮重量和荚重在生殖生长期4个不同阶段的形成规律。结果表明三性状积累最高期分别表现为:籽粒重在中后期;荚皮重在中前期;荚重在中期。菜用大豆生殖阶段前期侧重荚皮的生长,中期籽粒快速增长,后期籽粒重和荚皮重均迅速脱水下降。考虑到商品的外观品质,合适的采收期应在中期之前。在荚重量最高期的中期,籽粒与荚皮比为1:0.88,此项指标可作为最佳收获期临界指标。根据12个品种最佳采收期鲜百荚重与百粒干重两者的回归系数,在已知大豆产量和百粒重的情况下,提出估测菜用大豆鲜荚产量的公式。

In this paper main indexes of vegetable soybean yield, including seed, pod rind and pod weight during four differnt stages at the reproductive phase, were analysed and their formation regularity were discussed. The results showed the peak seed weight was at the mid - later stage of bearing pods, the peak pod rind weight was at the mid-earlier stage and its pod weight was at the intermediate stage.The pod rind was growing particularly in the earlier stage of reproductive phase, its area was expanded. Before and after intermediate stage its seeds were growing rapidly. But both were dropping quickly in the later stage caused by dehydration.Considering the visual quality of seed pods, the optimum picking time is to start before the mid stage. The rate between seed and pod rind is 1 : 0.88 at mid stage of the peak of pod weight. This index is regared as the critical index of the optimum harvest phase.Known its yield and 100-seed weight, a formula of predicted vegetable soybean yield is put forward on the basis of regression coefficient between fresh 100 - podweight and dry 100 - seed weight of 12 varieties at the optimum harvest phase.