纳滤膜在水处理中的最新应用进展

Recent Application Progresses of Nanofiltration Membranes in Water Treatment

纳滤膜(NF)是新的分离膜品种,对溶质的截留性能介于超滤膜(UF)和反渗透膜(RO)之间。纳滤膜的特性是表面带有电荷并具有纳米级的微孔,能够去除高价离子和分子量大于200的溶解性的有机物。特殊的分离效果使纳滤技术单独或者和其它技术联用应用于水处理领域,主要包括:(1)饮用水制备和深度净化;(2)海水淡化;(3)废水处理,例如生活污水、垃圾渗滤液等等。本文综述了纳滤技术在上述水处理领域中的应用进展及现存问题。

Nanofiltration （NF） membranes are a relatively new class of separation membranes, with the selective separation properties between uhrafiltration （UF） and reverse osmosis （RO） membranes. The unique characteristics of NF membranes are that they carry charged groups and their pore sizes range from 1 nm to a few nm to reject high valance ions and resolvable organisms with small molecular weight （Mn ≥ 200）. Due to the special separation properties, NF membranes are widely used in the field of water treatment alone or integrated with other technologies. The field is divided in （1） drinking water preparation and deep treatment; （2） seawater desalination; （3） wastewater disposal, such as domestic sewage, leachate and others. In this paper, the application development and the challenges of NF in the water treatment have been reviewed.