有害植物金钟藤的隔离带式化学控制研究初报

The Separating Belt Control of Merremia boisiana van Ooststr

有害植物治理是生态学面临的重要难题.为控制危害广州市龙眼洞林场的大型木质藤本金钟藤(Merremia boisiana van Ooststr),本研究进行了治理技术的探索.通过比较大面积化学除莠、人工清除和隔离带式化学控制3种方法对金钟藤及环境的影响,阐明了各种方法的利与弊.大面积化学除莠和人工清除虽能清除金钟藤,但都造成了地表长期大面积裸露,从而引起严重的水土流失,同时前者还引起环境污染.隔离带式化学控制既能在较长时期内有效遏制金钟藤的扩散,为林地由外到内恢复创造条件,又避免了水土流失.隔离带式化学控制试用了斩荒(草甘膦-乙羧氟草醚混剂)、国产草甘膦、农达、2-甲-4-氯4种农药,综合控制效果以斩荒最优,有效控制时间180 d以上,第180 d对地上部分、绿枝条和老茎鲜重的抑制率分别为85.8%、99.7%和70.0%,明显高于单一使用草甘膦.国产草甘膦与进口农达无显著差异.金钟藤老茎占地上部分近一半的鲜重,老茎受抑制率低、抗药性强,是金钟藤抗除草剂能力强的主要原因.

Controlling harmful plants was a big challenge to ecology. To control the damage caused by a woody vine Merremia boisiana van Ooststr to forestry at Longyandong, Guangzhou, China, a series of control methods were investigated. Manual cleating and herbicide spraying did. suppress the vine but result in a large barren land and severe erosion. The later also caused herbicide pollution. The Separating Belt Control （SBC） with herbicide prevented the vine spreading further, and provided space and time for natural or artificial reforestation. Four kinds of herbicides were used in SBC. Results indicated that the combination of glyphosate and fluroglycofen was the most effective compared with MCPA, Roundup and domestic glyphosate. The inhibition percentage of the fresh weight of the total above ground biomass, green shoots and old stems were 85.8%, 99. 7% and 70. 0%, respectively. Compared with domestic glyphosate and Roundup, the combination controlled the weed more effectively through two different mechanisms. The inhibition percentage of old stem was much lower than that of green shoots. Old stem constituted half of the total above ground biomass, indicating that the old stem plays significant role in the anti-herbicide ability of the vine.