广州市近年来登革热及其媒介防治情况分析

Analysis on the dengue fever and its vector control in Guangzhou city in recent years

目的分析、评价广州市近年来4次登革热疫情及其媒介防治的情况与效果。方法收集、分析本地病例的流行病学调查资料。采用布雷图指数、标准间指数、叮刺率等方法监测和调查白纹伊蚊密度。结果4次流行共发生2286例本地病例，疫情最早首发于5月，最晚终止于12月，发病高峰在8—10月，共出现40个暴发疫点，累计流行614d。经过积极的防治，白纹伊蚊幼虫密度呈下降趋势。布雷图指数从2002年的11.99降到2007年的4．64，标准间指数从2003年的4．45降到2007年的0．54。但在登革热高发季节，白纹伊蚊幼虫的密度指数仍处于危险的阈值范围。使用速杀型杀虫剂对疫点进行超低容量喷雾灭蚊，对成蚊的杀灭率达98．2％。对农村、城中村、社区等3种类型疫点的控制历时分别为10．3、49．4、56．6d（P〈0．01）。结论登革热疫情的控制，必须坚持以及时、快速、全面、反复地杀灭媒介伊蚊成蚊为主导，辅之以全面落实清除、控制孳生地的措施。要不断探索、完善对媒介伊蚊（尤其是成蚊）的监测方法和手段，以客观、科学地评估防治的效果。

Objective To analyze and evaluate four epidemics of dengue fever epidemics and their vector control in Guangzhou in recent years. Methods The epidemiological data of native cases were collected and analyzed. The density of Aedes albopictus was surveyed by Bretean index（BI） , Ovitrap index, Standard Space index（SSI） and Biting rates. Results Four epidemics had 2 286 native cases, the first started in May, the last ended in December, the peak happened between August and October. There were forty epidemic focuses and lasted 614 days totally. After actively control, the density of Aedes albopictus larvae was declined remarkably. BI was declined from 11.99 in 2002 to 4. 64 in 2007. But in high frequently season, the density of Aedes albopictus was still in a dangerous range. The fast-killing insecticide formula had been used through ULV spraying in epidemic focuses and the killing ratio reached 98.2% . The control lasting period in rural area, the village in city, community were 10. 3,49.4, 56. 6 respectively （P 〈 0. 01 ）. Conclusion To control dengue fever, the main measure is killing mate Aedes mosquitoes timely, quickly, comprehensively, repeatedly, and assisted by eliminating and controlling the breeding places. The vector＇ s surveillance should be strengthened and the control strategy and methods should be adjusted accordingly.