黄土高原旱地苹果园生草对果园小气候的影响

Effect of Grass Planting on the Microclimate of Apple Orchard in the Dryland Area of Loess Plateau

研究黄土高原旱地苹果园行间种植白三叶(Trifolium repensL.)和多年生黑麦草(Lolium perenneL.)对果园小气候的影响。采用定位观测的方法,对渭北旱地生草苹果园空气温度、相对湿度、土壤温度等小气候因子进行了测定,同时以清耕果园为对照进行同步观测。结果表明:生草调节了苹果园近地层的大气温度,提高了果园相对湿度,调节土壤温度,降低风速和相对照度;在牧草的不同发育阶段上述调节作用不同,且调节程度与草的种类密切相关,灰色关联度分析结果表明渭北旱地苹果园种植白三叶小气候综合效应优于种植多年生黑麦草。

The effects of interplanting white clover（Trifolium repens L.） and perennial ryegrass（Lolium perenne L.）on the microclimate of apple orchard in Weibei dryland area of the Loess Plateau were studied with bareground as control from April to October by positional survey of air temperature,relative humidity,soil temperature,etc.The results show that interplanting grasses could regulate the surface air temperature and soil temperature,increase the relative humidity,and decrease the wind speed and relative light intensity in apple orchard.At different developmental stages,the regulation effects of grasses were different.Furthermore,the regulation effects were closely related to the types of herbaceous plant.Grey Correlation Analysis indicates that the integrated microclimatic effect of the white clover was better than that of ryegrass in apple orchard in Weibei dryland areas.