四川南坝镇灾民身体与心理症状分析

Analysis on physical and psychological symptoms among the victims of the disaster in Nanba town of Sichuan Province

目的通过对灾民身体与心理症状调查分析,掌握南坝镇(集镇)救灾安置点灾民们的身体与心理状况。方法按照机械抽样方法,随机抽取全部21个帐篷群落中的11个,再从每个帐篷群落中随机抽取1/6户中的全部6岁以上人口,即96户中的486人作为调查评估样本,按照事先设计好的调查表,采用面对面询问方式调查。结果在6项身体症状调查中,阳性率依次是咳嗽1.85%,咽痛0.82%,皮疹0.62%,发热(≥38℃)和腹泻(≥3d/次)均为0.21%,未发现呕吐者。其中仅22.22%的咳嗽者及时就医。在8项心理症状调查中,阳性率依次是睡眠不好4.94%,紧张不安2.88%,心慌心跳加快2.06%,胸闷胸前不适1.65%,头痛头闷1.44%,发抖发麻0.41%,有时出现对自己失去信心的0.21%,未发现觉得生活毫无希望的灾民。结论南坝镇(集镇)灾民地震后最近一周身体状况尚好,心理状况尚可,与地震后及时实施抗震救灾综合防制措施(包括卫生防疫)有关。有77.78%的咳嗽者未及时就医需要引起关注。随着时间的推移,心理疾病症状出现的机会可能会多一些,值得警惕。

Objective Through investigation and analysis of physical and psychological symptoms among the victims of the disaster, to grasp physical and psychological condition of the victims of the disaster in establish place of Nanba town. Methods According to the mechanical random sampling method, 11 of 21 pieces of tent community were randomly selected, then all people over 6 years of 1/6 families from each tent community were randomly selected, in total, 486 people from 96 families were recruited as the sample of investigation and assessment. According to the designed questionnaire, face-to-face investigation was adopted. Results In 6 body symptoms, positive rate of cough was 1.85 % , positive rate of angina was 0.82 % , positive rate of tetter was 0.62 % , positive rate of fever （≥38℃） and positive rate of diarrhea （≥3 times/day） were both 0.21%. No symtom of vomit was found. Among them, on- ly 22.22 % of the cough person seek medical advice in time. In 8 psychological symptom, positive rate of insomnia was 4.94 % , positive rate of nervous discomfort was 2.88 %, positive rate of palpitation was 2.06 % , positive rate of discomfort in chest was 1.65 % , positive rate of the headache was 1.44 % , positive rate of shiver and numb was 0.41% , positive rate of sometimes unconfidence was 0.21%. No victim thinking life hopeless were found. Conclusions The victims of the disaster in Nanba town have good physical condition and psychological state in the recent week after the earthquake. It was attributed to implement of integrated prevention measures （including health and epidemic prevention）. 77.78% of the persons who had coughs has not sought medical advice in time. We should pay much attention on this facts.