谷子(粟)蛋白质品质及其优化栽培

Protein Quality and Optimized Cultivation of Foxtail Millet

研究表明,谷子蛋白质的氨基酸含量较高,其中人体必需氨基酸的组成,除赖氨酸外,其他氨基酸的含量均接近或超过了FAO/WHO建议的标准,是一种优质的植物蛋白质。栽培措施对谷子氨基酸组成有明显的影响。优质栽培的关健是在选用优质高产品种的基础上,注意选择海拔在1 100～1 200 m的红土或黄土地上种植,一般以5月上旬播种效果较好。同时,要注意多施有机肥料,其中以每公顷施2.25×104 kg羊粪的效果最好,施同等数量的猪粪也较好。化肥尤其是氮素化肥对谷子蛋白质的氨基酸组成有不良影响。

The contents of amino acids in foxtail millet are often in a high level. With the exception of lysine, the compositions of other amino acids are close to or exceed the FAO/WHO recommended standards and it is a high-quality vegetable protein. The cultivation measures of foxtail millet have a significant effect on amino acid composition. The key of high-quality cultivation is that we should choose the red soil or loess to plant at the altitude of 1 100-1 200 m. Generally, on the basis of high-quality cultivation and high-yielding varieties, it is better to plant in early May. At the same time, we should pay attention to use more organic fertilizer. It is best to apply about 2.25× 10^4 kg sheep manure per hm^2; Secondly, fertilizing the same amount of pig manure was better. Chemical fertilizer, especially nitrogen fertilizer, adversely affected the amino acid composition.