稠油降黏集输方法综述

Review on Viscosity Reducing Methods for Gathering and Transportation of Heavy Oil

综述了几种常用降黏集输方法(包括加热降黏、乳化降黏、低黏液环输送和掺稀输送等)的降黏原理及优缺点,并介绍了各方法的发展情况及应用现状。针对稀释降黏法,利用液化石油气(LPG)替代部分重稀释剂的稠油降黏方法更经济有效。通过对几种降黏输送方法的综合比较,认为采用化学降黏方法在稠油降黏中具有一定的优势,最后指出研制多元复配型高效降黏剂,研制高效(既降凝又降黏)的降凝降黏剂及利用各种方法的复合技术进行降黏将是稠油降黏技术的主要发展方向。

This paper sums up several methods for a viscosity reduction of crude oils in the gathering and transportation process, include heating, emulsion viscosity reducing, low mucus transport ring and mixing heavy oil with light oil, and compares both the advantages and disadvantages. It also introduces the development and application of those methods. It is more economical and more effective to make use of liquefied petroleum gas （LPG） to replace some heavy diluents. Through the above analysis, a conclusion is drawn that the chemical viscosity reduction occupies a dominant position and takes precedence over others. It will be the major technical trend to develop the multiple high-performance mixed-viscosity reducer and pour-viscosity agents, which can lower both the viscosity and the pour point, and use various methods of composite technology.