走出语言的牢笼——语言学转向背景下的形式主义文论作者消解论批判

Walk away from the Prison—House of Language——Critique on the Deconstruction of the Author in the Background of Linguistic Turn

20世纪西方受语言学转向影响而消解作者的形式主义文论主要有俄国形式主义、布拉格学派、新批评和结构主义等,本文主要考察这些理论中作者观念的变迁,并通过揭示索绪尔结构主义语言学的局限和盲视来恢复作者的地位和在场,即过于强调语言的自律性,而忽视了语言的人文功能和文化内涵;排斥主体在语言系统中的作用,忽视对言语语言学规律的研究。最后指出,文学既是作者个人的一种私人言说,具有此时此地的独一无二性,充盈着作者个人独特的生命体验;更是一种话语实践,是作者与他人、与社会进行沟通交流的媒介。作者在文本中是必不可少的在场。

In 20th century, the formalism literature theory such as Russian formalism , Prague School, New criticism and Strueturalism all deconstruct the author Under the influence of linguistic turn. In order to re - establish the author this paper aims at investigating the changing of the concept of the author in these theory and revealing the the limits and blindness of Saussure＇s theory. The paper points out that the linguistics theory of Saussure stress of too much on self - discipline of the language and ignore the Connotations of humanities and culture of the languages the other hand, it removes the subject out of language system and lack of studying in the parole. In the end, the paper believes that literature is the private speech of the author and filled with life experience of the author thus has a uniqueness. What is more, it is a discourse practice and a media by which the author communicates with others. Thence the author is essential presence at the text.