护士群体职业压力与生活质量关系的研究

The relationship between nurses' occupational stress and their quality of living conditon

目的研究护士群体(包括正式护士和聘用护士)职业压力与生活质量的关系。方法随机抽取所在市属7家医院不同岗位的正式护士112名及聘用护士226名采用健康状况问卷(SF-36)调查及压力量表的填写并对回收的有效问卷进行统计学处理。结果护士群体职业压力平均得分较高且正式护士除了在护理专业及工作方面和护理患者方面略低于聘用护士外,其余各项都高于聘用护士;生活质量方面正式护士各维度得分均低于聘用护士,其中生理机能、躯体疼痛、一般健康状况、精力、精神健康5个维度的差异有统计学意义;职业压力得分与生活质量得分呈负相关即职业压力得分愈高其生活质量愈低。结论护士群体特别是正式护士由于职业压力因素造成了生活质量偏差的问题应该引起管理者的重视,建议对护士群体实施合理的干预,减轻心理和工作负荷,提高她们的社会地位从而改善其生活质量。

Objective To investigate the relationship between nurses＇ （registered nurses and employed nurses） occupational stress and their quality of living conditon. Methods 112 registered nurses and 226 employed nurses at different posts are selected randomly from 7 hospitals in the city to do the health survey （SF-36） and fill in the stress scale; and then, those reliable surveys and scales are collected and processed statistically. Results The average score of occupational stress of nurses is slightly high; registered nurses score is higher than that of employed nurses in ev ery dimension except for ＂nursing practice＇; in terms of quality of living conditon, registered nurses＂ score is lower in every respect, in which the differences about ＂physiological function＇, ＂body pain＇, ＂general health condition＇, ＇energy＇ and＇mental health＂ are of statistical significance; there is a negative correlation between the score of occupational stress and that of living quality, i. e. the higher the score of occupational stress is, the lower the score of quality of living will be. Conclusion Hospital authorities should pay attention to and show concern to the living quality of the nurses, particularly the registered nurses, and provide them with an appropriate intervention, help to reduce their psychological burden and workload and raise their social status so as to improve living quality of the nurses.