基于空间信息平台的土地利用方式变化径流响应模拟

Influence of land use change on runoff response simulation based on spatial information platform

以淮河上游息县水文站以上为研究区域,基于研究区域3期（20世纪80年代2、0世纪90年代、2000年以后）土地利用图模拟分析土地利用变化对流域产水的影响.利用流域附近8个气象站1980-2005年的资料,内插得到流域内的气象资料,应用P-M法耦合植物生长模型（EPIC）计算流域潜在蒸散发;利用息县以上集水区域1980-2005年63个雨量站资料及尺度为1∶200000土壤类型图,选用SWAT模型模拟流域的径流过程,并分析了产水特性参数时空变化.结果表明：降雨量的大小弱化了流域下垫面条件对产水的影响;在降雨和土壤质地相同的情况下,产水能力旱地大于水田大于草地大于林地;旱地增加后流域产水量也会增加,林地不易于流域的产流.

Based on the land use maps of the study region during 3 different periods （the 1980s, the 1990s and the 2000s）, the influence of land use change on the runoff generation in the upper reaches of Huaihe River basin（upstream of Xixian hydrological station） was simulated and analyzed. By use of the observed meteorological data from 8 stations during 1980-2005, the interpolation methods were used to obtain the meteorological data for the basin. The potential evapotranspiration of the basin was calculated by the Penman-Monteith method coupled with the plants developing model. By adopting the precipitation data from 63 rain gauge stations in the catchment upstream Xixian station during 1980-2005 and the soil type maps with the scale of 1：200000, the runoff generation of the basin was simulated by the SWAT model, and the spatio-temporal variation of the runoff generating parameters was analyzed. The results reveal that the magnitude of the precipitation weakens the influence of the underlying conditions on the runoff generation; under the same precipitation data and soil types, the runoff generating capacity is as follows： farmland 〉 paddy field 〉 grassland 〉 woodland;the increase of the farmland area will result in the quantity of nmoff generation, and the woodland is not in favor of the runoff generation to some extent.