三螺旋理论视野中的科技创新——基于美国创业型大学的分析

Scientific Innovation in "Triple Helix Model"——Based on the Analysis of Entrepreneurial Universities in America

三螺旋是大学、企业与政府,以经济发展的需要为纽带而联结起来,通过组织结构性安排、制度性的设计等机制,三种力量交叉影响,最终形成抱成一团又螺旋上升的三重螺旋的新关系,以此达到三者资源的共享与信息的充分沟通,实现各自效应的最大化。三螺旋的主体——产业、政府、大学都是创新的主体:产业是进行创新的基本场所;政府是契约关系的来源,并承担确保三个机构范围稳定的相互作用与交换的重任;大学则作为新知识新技术的来源,是知识经济的生产力要素。在大学、产业、政府积极合作与协作的过程中,每一个组织都努力发挥自己的作用并保持各自独特的身份,在合作中每个组织都可以成为创新组织者。三螺旋为研究型大学实现向创业型大学的转变提供了新的路径。

The triple helix model refers to the link of universities, enterprises and the governments. By the cooperation of structural arrangement and systematical design, the three forces influence each other and finally form a kind of new relationship like the triple helix model so as to share resources and communicate information and maximize each of their functions. The body of triple helix model--industry, government and university---is also the body of innovation. Industry is the place where innovation works; government is the source of contractual relationship and takes great responsibilities of ensuring stable interactions and exchanges among the three organizations while university is the source of new knowledge and technology and the productivity of knowledge economy. In the process of the university-industry-government cooperation, every part tries to play its role without changing their unique identities and every part can be the innovative organizer. The triple helix model provides new ways for transition from researchbased universities to entrepreneurial ones.