葡萄品质的评价及其与土壤质地的关系研究

Evaluation of Grape Quality and Relationship Between Grape Quality and Soil Texture

以河北省葡萄主产区涿鹿县的葡萄样品与土壤质地为研究对象,运用层次分析法(AHP)和K–均值聚类法对影响葡萄品质的主要指标可溶性固形物、单粒重、固酸比、pH和Vc进行评价,同时测定了相应葡萄采样点土壤的机械组成,并且对葡萄品质指标与土壤机械组成进行相关分析。结果表明:①一般一级葡萄品质的单粒重>6.0g,二级>5.0g,四级<5.0g;一级葡萄可溶性固形物>175g/kg,二级>160g/kg,四级<130g/kg;优良品质葡萄固酸比大都在20～30之间。②研究区葡萄单粒重与0～60cm土层内细砂粒含量都呈显著正相关,与物理性黏粒(<0.01mm)含量呈显著负相关;可溶性固形物与细粉粒含量呈显著负相关,与物理性黏粒含量呈显著或极显著负相关;固酸比与粗砂粒含量呈显著或极显著正相关。③优质葡萄采样区土壤质地在0～60cm土层内均为轻壤土,品质差的葡萄采样区土壤质地在0～60cm土层内均为重壤土或中壤土。因此,在涿鹿县土壤质地、单粒重、可溶性固形物和固酸比可作为评价葡萄品质的重要指标。

The grape quality and soil texture were analyzed in the main grape production base of Zhuolu in Hebei Province. The analytical hierarch process and K-means cluster were applied to evaluate the main indices of the grape quality, which include soluble solid concentration, weight of single fruit, the ratio of soluble solid concentration to titrated acidity, pH and Vc. The soil mechanical composition was also determined in 0 - 60 cm horizons and the correlation between the indices of grape quality and soil fractions was also studied. The results showed that （1）The weights of single fruit were 〉6.0 g for the first grade, 〉5.0 g for the second grade and 〈5.0 g for the fourth grade. The soluble solid concentrations were 〉 175 g/kg for the first grade, 〉 160 g/kg for the second grade and 〈 130 g/kg for the fourth grade; the excellent ratio of soluble solid concentration to titrated acidity varies from 20 to 30. （2）There was significant positive correlation between the weight of single fruit and the fine sand fraction, a significant negative correlation between the weight of single fruit and the physical clay fraction and between also soluble solid concentration and the fine silt fraction. There was significantly or extremely significant negative correlation between soluble solid concentration and the physical clay fraction, a significant or extremely significant positive correlation between the ration of soluble solid concentration to titrated acidity and the coarse sand fraction. （3）The soil texture were all light loam for the high grape quality but were medium loam or heavy loam for the poor grape quality. Thus, soil texture, soluble solid concentration, weight of single fruit, the ratio of soluble solids concentration to titrated acidity can be used as the important indices to evaluate grape quality in Zhuolu.