彩票购买者认知偏差量表初步编制及信效度检验

Development of Lottery Related Cognitive Distortions Scale for Chinese Lottery Buyers

目的:初步编制我国电脑型彩票购买者认知偏差量表。方法:根据国外相关理论和评估工具收集适用于我国购彩者的量表项目。经前期访谈、项目筛选和专家讨论等确定项目。按地域和彩票销售状况选择6省25个地市,随机抽取购彩者3584名施测,总样本随机分成两组分别进行探索性和验证性因素分析。结果:经项目分析和探索性因素分析删除项目后,最终形成19个项目的认知偏差量表,包括概率谬误、控制幻想、关系错觉和过于乐观的预期等四个因子。总量表及各因子的α系数在0.56-0.80之间;分半信度0.72;模型拟合指数均达到要求(χ2/df=5.45;Mc=0.93;IFI=0.95;CFI=0.95;NFI=0.94;RSMEA=0.050)。结论:本研究编制的电脑型彩票购彩者认知偏差量表具有较好的心理测量学品质,可在未来研究中应用。

Objective： This study aims to develop a Chinese Lottery Related Cognitive Distortions Scale for Chinese computerized lottery buyers. Methods： 22 items were filtered and reworked by authors and applied to 3584 Welfare Lottery buyers from 25 cities of 6 provinces. Measures including demographic features questionnaire and cognitive distortions scale were taken. All cases were split to two groups： One sample of 1791 cases for item analysis and exploratory factor analysis （EFA）, and the other 1793 cases for confirmatory factor analysis （CFA）. Results： After item analysis and exploratory analysis, 19 items remained and they were divided into four factors： optimistic expectation, gamblers＇ fallacy, illusory correlation and illusion of control. These factors could explain 42.86% of total variance, which were confirmed by CFA （X2/df=5.45 ; Mc =0.93 ; IFI=0.95 ; CFI=0.95 ; NFI =0.94; RSMEA =0.050）. The internal consistency cronbach α of the questionnaire answered to the basic statistic criterion（r=0.56-0.80）. Conclusion： The Lottery Related Cognitive Distortions Scale has good psychometric features and could be applied to Chinese lottery buyers.