大理石历史建筑遗产的细菌修复加固

Remediation of Historic Marble Architectural Heritages by Bacterially-Induced Biomineralization

为避免历史建筑遗产保护过程中的不可逆损伤,通过细菌诱导碳酸钙在大理石试样表面矿化沉积形成薄层以达到保护目的.采用X射线衍射仪、扫描电镜、压汞注入仪及超声波研究了矿化晶体晶相、矿化层生长、沉积晶体对试样孔隙的影响以及对矿化层的粘结与保护效果.结果表明:矿化晶体为方解石和球文石;细菌在晶体矿化沉积过程中充当成核位点,且晶体均匀生长在试样的表面;沉积致使试样孔隙率减小22.2%,但对孔径分布无显著影响;矿化层与基层可形成有效粘结.细菌诱导矿化修复保护可作为石质历史建筑遗产保护的一种有效方法.

In order to avoid irreversible damages to historic architectural heritages caused by incorrect protection processes,the method of bacterially-induced calcium carbonate mineralization was adopted to form a deposition la-yer on the surface of marble samples.Then,the effects of crystal phase and growth of the mineralized layer as well as the deposited crystal on the porosity of samples and on the efficiency of bonding and protection were analyzed by means of XRD,SEM,mercury intrusion porosimeter（MIP） and ultrasonic test. Experimental results show that the mineral crystal is composed of calcite and vaterite phases, that bacteria act as nucleation sites in the precipitation of the mineral crystal uniformly depositing on the sample surface, that the precipitation has no significant effect on the pore size distribution of samples rather than results in a porosity decrease by 22.2% , and that the mineral crystal strongly attaches the substratum. It is thus concluded that the bacterially-induced biomineralization is effective in remediating historic stone architectural heritages.