水电开发移民非农就业研究——以向家坝电站绥江县为例

STUDY ON THE NONAGRICULTURAL TRANSFER OF RURAL LABOR FORCE IN HYDROPOWER DEVELOPMENT——A CASE IN THE AREA OF SUIJIANG COUNTY AROUND XIANGJIABA DAM

针对水电开发中移民农业安置的困境,以及社会发展趋势,从农村劳动力转移理论和模型出发,着重对农村剩余劳动力"开流断源"的模型进行介绍,以向家坝电站绥江县为案例分析该库区非农就业的必然性和艰巨性。基于"开流断源"的模型对非农就业的几个方面进行思考,提出:(1)从人的生产与消费两面性,以及剩余劳动力的角度而言,移民安置需要考虑库区人口规模的控制,以及趋向于增加就业的人口结构调整;(2)特定区域背景和不同移民人群对于非农就业的预期目标不同,区域发展规划和劳务输出设计需要相应地做出反映;(3)政府的移民工作需要将教育和培训方面的服务纳入重点,以提高个体预期目标部门的非农就业概率;(4)从教育、培训、基础设施建设和社会保障制度等方面,政府可以为农村劳动力向非农化转移提供支持,并在移民安置中得到具体体现。

Facing the resettling difficulty in agriculture, and the trends of social development, this article reviewed the theoretical model of rural-urban migration. Then, the model for rural surplus labors transfer was intro- duced. Based on this, it took the area of Suijiang county, which around the Xiangjiaba dam as a case, analyzed the inevitability and arduous nature of nonagricultural transfer of rural labor force. Finally, the conclusion was ar- rived as following： （ 1 ） considering the dual character of production and consumption of population, and the surplus labors, it is necessary to control the population size, and adjust the population structure to increase employment; （2） Certain regional situation and the different expected goal by the groups would be reflected in the regional development planning and labor exporting design; （3） Education and training should be stressed as key aspects for the resettlement task for the government in order to promote the nonagricultural transfer probability for the individual expected occupation; （4） Many aspects could be embodied as support from the government for nonagricultural transfer of the rural surplus labor in the resettlement work, such as education, training, infrastructure building, and social security system.