后殖民主义理论视阈下的《暴风雨》

A Postcolonial Reading of The Tempest

随着20世纪60年代解构主义理论的兴起,特别是伴随着福柯和萨义德思想的传播,学者们开始用后殖民主义理论对莎士比亚的剧作进行阐释。文章用后殖民主义理论分析了《暴风雨》中普洛斯帕罗和他的两位他者凯力班和爱丽尔的关系,认为本剧现实地展现了当时英国的殖民扩张的历史真实,凯力班和爱丽尔是莎士比亚创造的典型的早期他者的形象;普洛斯帕罗和爱丽尔的关系是殖民者和其代理人的关系,通过爱丽尔,普洛斯帕罗方能实现对小岛的统治;他和凯力班的关系则是典型的殖民者和被殖民者之间压迫与被压迫、控制与反控制的关系。

With the rising of deconstructionism in the 1960s, especially with the spread of Focault and Said＇ s Philosophy, the study of The Tempest in regard to colonial discourse has taken on a completely new phase. The present paper attempts to examine the relationship between Prospero and the two others, Ariel and Caliban in the perspective of post-colonial theory. The Paper argues that the play is a realistic unfolding of British colonial expansion of the contemporary, and that Ariel and Caliban are typical earlier others created by Shakespeare （though a great humanist）, and that the relationship between Prospero and the two others is a typical discourse of colonialism in which the colonizers always try to impose control on the colonized s and in which the Others always try to resist and find chance to rebel.