基于SIMETAW模型的北京地区主要作物需水量估算

Estimation of main crop water requirement in Beijing based on SIMETAW model

应用北京近56年气象数据对SIMETAW模型进行校正,并利用模型估算北京地区主要大田作物需水量。结果表明:SIMETAW模型对参考作物腾发量的模拟与彭曼-蒙特斯公式计算值较为接近,r>0.94,结果可靠。北京地区主要大田作物的需水量和作物系数在全生育期内均呈现"单峰型"曲线;果树类作物需水量相对较大,其次是粮经作物,其中春花生、棉花、春甘薯和冬小麦需水量较大,均在430 mm以上;蔬菜类作物由于生育期较短,单季耗水量小,均在400 mm以下。

The water consumed by plant transpiration and evaporation was called crop water requirement. The SIMETAW model was corrected based on recent 56 years meteorological data for Beijing and used to estimate water requirement of main field crops. Results showed that the simulated values were very close （ r = 0.94） to those of reference evapotranspiration calculated by means of Penman-Monteith formula. Crop water requirement and crop coefficient were of the single peak type during crop growth season and varied in the order： fruit trees, food crops and vegetables. Water requirement of spring peanut, cotton, spring sweet potato and winter-wheat was greater （〉400 mm） in food and cash crops. Water requirement of vegetables was lower because of the short growth period, it was below 400 mm.