调亏对膜下滴灌制种玉米产量及水分利用效率的影响

Effect of Regulated Deficit Drip Irrigation on Yield and Water Use Efficiency of Plastic Film Mulched Corn for Seed

采用大田膜下调亏滴灌试验,在苗期至拔节、拔节至抽穗、抽穗至灌浆和灌浆至成熟期进行水分胁迫处理.结果表明,拔节至抽穗期缺水抑制叶面积的扩展,造成植株矮小,产量降低;抽穗至灌浆期胁迫影响制种玉米库容建立,籽粒小、千粒质量低;持续或交替水分胁迫严重抑制叶龄进程,显著降低产量;灌浆至成熟期缺水可在不明显降低产量的基础上提高制种玉米水分利用效率.据此提出了在拔节至灌浆期充分供水,成熟期减小供水、保持适度的水分亏缺的制种玉米节水高产水分调控模式.

The method of the field culture of drip irrigation with plastic film mulched was adopted in this experiment in seedling to jointing stage ,jointing to tasseling stage, tasseling to filling stage and filling to maturing stage of corn. The results showed that drought stress reduced leaf area, plant height and the yield of corn in jointing to tasseling stage; Owing to water stress on corn, the grains per panicle, mass of 1000- grain and yield of corn was decreased in tasseling to filling stage; The water use efficiency（WUE） of corn for seed was increased while the yield was not evidently reduced in filling to maturing stage. The soil moisture-controlling mode of drip irrigationg corn was proposed to achieve water-saving and high-yielding, which means to supply enough water in jointing to filling stage, decrease water supply and maintain appropriate water deficit in filling to maturing stage.