现代生物技术结合传统栽培方法在黄花蒿种植中的应用

Combination of Modern Biotechnology and Traditional Cultivation for Fast Artificial Growth of Artemisia annua L.

目的:探讨应用组织培养及扩繁等现代生物技术将优良黄花蒿品种迅速扩大到露地大面积栽培的有效方法和途径,为黄花蒿的标准化、现代化栽培,提高其产量与质量提供依据。方法:以黄花蒿花序为外植体分别进行愈伤组织诱导及芽和根的分化得黄花蒿组培苗;利用黄花蒿组培苗进行继代生根培养,并依次完成温室移栽和露地栽培。通过高效液相色谱法对组培苗、温室苗及大田苗的青蒿素含量进行动态测定,并与对照药材、野生药材相比较。结果:黄花蒿愈伤组织诱导率为100%,芽分化率为100%,根分化率可达75%;黄花蒿组培苗生根率和成活率高,均在95%以上,且生长性状稳定;不同培养期的黄花蒿中青蒿素的含量均高于野生黄花蒿。结论:此方法成本低廉、简便易行,适合用于迅速扩大黄花蒿优良品种的大面积标准化种植。

Objective： To explore a highly effective approach in growing superior varieties of Artemisia annua L. from explant to test-tube plantlet, then to field plant by combining modern biotechnology with traditional cultivating method in order to modernize and standardize the planting of Artemisia annua I.. to increase its output. Methods： Inflorescence of Artemisia annua L. was used as explant for inducing callus from which inducing sprout and root to obtain the test-tube plantlet. The test tube plantlet was used for the successive transfer culture, the plant obtained from this procedure was transplanted into greenhouse and field in turn. The Artemisinin contents of the test-tubeplantlet, greenhouse and field plants were determined and compared with those of control and wild substances by using high performance liquid chroma- tography. Results： The callus-inducing rate and sprout-differentiating rate were 100%, root-differentia- ting rate was 75% ; the rootage rate and survival rate were more than 95 %, and the growth traits were stable; the content of Artemisinin of Artemisia annua L. cultivated in different periods were higher than that of wild one. Conclusion： This approach is suitable for fast large scale plantation and standardization of su- perior varieties of Artemisiaannua L. due to its lower cost, easy procedure, and short growth period.