清凉峰自然保护区华南梅花鹿采食研究

Study on Diet of Cervus nippon kopschi in Qingliangfeng Natural Reserve

华南梅花鹿(Cervus nippon kopschi)属国家一级保护动物。2007年1-12月,采用直接观察采食法、食痕法、试喂法和粪便显微分析法对清凉峰自然保护区华南梅花鹿采食种类和部位进行调查、观察、记录和鉴别。研究表明,华南梅花鹿采食食物共174种,其中草本101种、灌木56种、乔木17种,禾本科、蔷薇科、豆科、百合科、菊科、莎草科、忍冬科、樟科和虎儿草科约占总采食种类的56%。采食部位在草本主要是茎叶和花果,在木本主要是嫩枝叶、芽、枝梢和花果。采食种类和部位随季节的更迭而有较大的变化,冬春季,可采食的种类极少,草本类几乎没有,主要利用灌木的果实和嫩梢,夏秋季,则大量采食草本类,禾本科、豆科、莎草科和菊科植物占比例较大。

Observations by direct observation of feeding, evidence of feeding on forage, feeding experiment and fecal microscopic analysis of Cervus nippon kopschi were carried out in 2007 on plant species and part in Qingliangfeng Nature Reserve, Zhejiang province. The results showed that there are 174 plant species for diet of C. nippon kopschi, including 101 species of herb, 56 species of shrub and 17 species of arbor. Gramineae, Rosaceae, Leguminosae, Liliaceae, Asteraceae, Cyperaceae, Caprifoliaceae, Lauraceae and Saxifragaceae take about 56% of the diet. Stem, leaves and fruits of the herb and the fresh leaves, buds, branches and fruits of woody plants are favorable food for C. nippon kopschi. Species and part vary with season. In winter and spring, fruits and young shoot of shrub are diet for C. nippon kopschi and herb in summer and autumn.