放射对脑少突胶质谱系细胞的影响

Radiation effect on oligodendroglial lineage cells of brain

放射治疗是治疗颅内原发肿瘤和转移瘤的重要方法之一。但是,高剂量照射后常会造成一定程度的放射性脑损伤。放射性脑损伤的一个重要病理表现是脱髓鞘改变。因此,作为中枢神经系统唯一的髓鞘生成细胞少突胶质细胞,必然成为研究放射性脑损伤的重点。少突胶质细胞起源于可迁移和能够进行有丝分裂增殖的少突胶质祖细胞,经过一系列分化,最终成为可以产生髓鞘的成熟少突胶质细胞。为探讨脑少突胶质谱系细胞放射后的改变与放射性脑损伤的关系,不少学者做了大量的研究工作。本文参阅了相关文献,以期进一步了解放射性脑损伤的内在机制。

Radiotherapy is a important treatment method for primary and metastatic cancers in the brain. However, a high dose of radiation always leads to the brain injury. A representative pathological manifest of the radiation-induced brain impairment is demyelination. Therefore oligodendrocytes, the myelin-forming cells in the central nervous system, have been focused more attention recently. Oligodendrocytes originate from the migratory, mitotic progenitors and mature progressively into postmitotic myelinating cells. Recent years, a series of studies have been initiated to address the role of oligodendrocyte lineage cells in radiation-induced neurotoxic processes. This article pays attention to these studies, aiming to explore mechanisms of the radiation-induced brain impairment. KEYWORDS Oligodendroglial lineage ceils, Demyelination, Radiation, Radiation-induced brain impairment