农村居民健康体检影响因素分析

Factors Influencing Farmers′ Physical Examination

目的了解影响农村居民健康体检行为的因素,探讨促进其积极参加健康体检的方法。方法采用多阶段抽样方法随机抽取100户,477人。入户调查山区农村居民的体检意识和体检行动情况。并组织2次10人小组访谈。结果84.91%(405/477)的居民认为有必要每年进行常规身体检查,1.26%(6/477)的居民在过去一年里做过常规身体检查,83.65%(399/477)的居民认为应该健康体检而未进行体检。未进行健康体检的原因依次是:经济困难(包括不能或不愿承担体检费用);无时间;医院服务质量差;去医院不方便(包括自身行动不便和医院太远)。小组访谈的主要结论:(1)在认为没有必要进行健康体检的农民中,2/3的人认为自己身体很好或从未发生任何不适;(2)约1/3的被访居民表示内心害怕发现疾病或在体检时传染上疾病;(3)参加访谈的医生认为上述两种意见各半,但几乎所有与会者都认为目前体检质量较差,有待提高。结论大部分农村居民认同健康体检的必要性,但有体检行动的却很少。村民没有建立知→信→行→效的观念。

Objective To understand the influences factors of health examination behavior of mountain farmers, to explore the ways of promoting their active participation in physical examination. Methods Four hundred seventy - seven subjects （ from 100 families） were randomly enrolled by multi - stage method, to survey their awareness and action of physical examination and organize 2 10 -person panel interviews. Results 84. 91% （405/477） of residents thought that it was necessary to conduct routine annual physical examination, but only 1.26% （6/477） did last year; 83.65% （399/477） thought that they should, but had not done. The reasons for having not done physical examination were, in order, financial difficulties （including not be- ing able to or willing to bear the medical costs） , no time, poor quality of hospital services, inconvenient to go to hospital （ ineluding difficulty in walking or hospitals too far）. The main conclusions of panel interviews were that 2/3 of the farmers who thought it unnecessary to do physical considered themselves in good health or without any discomfort, that about 1/3 expressed their fears about diseases being found or being infected when doing physical examination, and that most doctors participating interviews thought the qualities of current physical examinations were poor, and there was much to be improved. Conclusion Most community residents agree with the need for physical examination, but few put into practice. Villagers have not established the concept about knowledge→belief→action→effect.