我国农民工的由来与走向

The Origin and Prospect of Migrant Workers in China

与国际上许多国家不同,我国城镇化一般要经历两个过程:第一个过程是把农民转化为农民工;第二个过程是把农民工转化为市民。只有相继完成这两个过程,我国城镇化的目标才称得上真正实现。我国城镇化的主要困难,不在于把农民转化为农民工,而是在于把农民工转化为市民。农民工指的是农民的身份没有改变,而又进城打工的工人。农民工是城乡差别在城市的缩影,是城乡二元结构体制转型过程中的产物。城乡二元结构体制消亡之日,就是农民工终结之时。要把农民工转化为市民,就必须从根本上改变城乡二元结构体制,这是一个长期的过程,既取决于改革的力度,又取决于发展的程度,而且,改革力度又不能超越发展程度。可见我国城镇化道路之漫长,任务之艰辛。

Different from other countries, urbanization in China should experience two periods. In the first period, the transition of farmers to migrant workers is involved, while in the second period, migrant workers transform into townspeople. Only with the completion of these two periods can China successfully realize urbanization. The barrier to the urbanization lies in the second period. Migrant workers do not change their status of farmers, and they work in cities for living. They are the reflection of the gap between urban and rural countryside, and are the outcomes of the transition of the dualistic structure in urban and rural areas. When this structure breaks down, migrant workers will not exist any more. The transformation of migrant workers into townspeople lies in the change of the dualistic structure in urban and rural areas, which is a lone way to go and depends on reform and development.