朱鹮游荡期对人类干扰的耐受性

The tolerance of human disturbance on Crested Ibis (Nipponia nippon) of wardering stage

随着野生动物旅游业的发展,野生动物对人类干扰的耐受性研究在科学管理野生动物旅游业,提高游客体验,促进野生动物保护等方面具有重要的实践意义。2007年10～11月应用可操纵试验法在陕西汉中朱鹮(Nipponia nippon)国家级自然保护区研究了朱鹮游荡期对人类干扰的耐受性。研究结果表明,朱鹮游荡期对人类干扰具有较强的耐受性并表现出一定的适应性。朱鹮的警戒距离为(38.57±14.01)m,惊飞距离为(23.84±9.45)m,警戒距离是惊飞距离的1.6倍左右,两者存在着显著相关性。干扰者的衣着颜色是影响朱鹮对人类干扰的耐受性的主要因子,朱鹮对鲜艳衣物敏感。随着距居民点距离的减小,朱鹮对人类干扰的耐受性逐渐增强,但朱鹮对道路有一定回避效应。建议最小接近区域的面积应该是以警戒距离(AD)为半径的圆形区域,朱鹮最小接近区域的面积=∏×38.572≈4700m2,该区域范围内限制游客进入,并禁止游客穿着鲜艳色衣物进入自然保护区。

With the growth in wildlife tourism,research on the effect of human disturbance on wildlife has become an important issue.Awareness of these effects should guide the management of wildlife tourism,improve tourist satisfaction and promote wildlife conservation.This research reports on thetolerance of Crested Ibis to human disturbance in its wardering stage.The trial was in the months of October and November of 2007 at the Crested Ibis National Reserve in Han Zhong A manipulative experiment methodology was employed.The research demonstrated that Crested Ibis has a strong tolerance to human disturbance at wardering stage.It is however,relatively sensitive to successive disturbance.The AD（Alert distance） was mesured to be 1.6 times greater than FD（Flush distance）.The distances were（38.57±14.01）m,（23.84±9.45）m respectively.The One of the main factors influencing tolerance to disturbance was the colour of the clothes of the subject.The Crested Ibis is more sensitive to colorful clothes.If the birds are more proximate to human buildings,the AD and FD of Crested Ibis decreases.That is to say,the tolerance of Crested Ibis to human disturbance becoming stronger as the distance to human buildings decreases.The Crested Ibis has a set-back effect to the road.Based on above research,we advised that the minimum safe distance for a tourist to approach the bird should be a circular region of a radius of AD,In the wandering phase the minimum safe area of the Crested Ibis is about 4700m^2.Tourists should be prohibited from entering this minimum area and from wearing colorful clothes.