五爪金龙乙醇提取物对福寿螺毒杀和水稻苗生长的影响

Ethanol extract of Ipomoea cairica toxic effects on Pomacea canaliculata and its effects on the growth of Orzya sativa seedling

福寿螺和五爪金龙是两种危害严重的入侵生物,利用五爪金龙防治稻田福寿螺是以害治害的方法。盆栽条件下研究了五爪金龙乙醇提取物毒杀福寿螺的效果,以及其对水稻苗生长的影响。在砂培条件下五爪金龙乙醇提取物及其分离得到的甲醇相、乙酸乙酯相、乙醚相水溶液不仅对福寿螺起到毒杀作用,而且对水稻秧苗生长有促进作用,毒杀和促进作用由强到弱的顺序均为:乙醇提取物>甲醇相>乙酸乙酯相>乙醚相。在实验浓度范围内五爪金龙乙醇提物对福寿螺的毒杀效果及其对水稻苗促进作用强度均随浓度的增大而增强,在水稻土盆栽条件下抑制福寿螺取食水稻苗的效果与密达差异不显著(p>0.05)。五爪金龙乙醇提取物能毒杀福寿螺,对水稻苗的生长没有不利的影响。因此,利用五爪金龙防治稻田福寿螺危害是环境友好的非化学防治措施,具有良好的应用前景。

Both Pomacea canaliculata and Ipomoea cairica are invasive species that are very harmful to ecosystems and rice production in Southern China.It is a ＂one stone two birds＂ strategy that to use an invasive plant I.cairica for controlling another invasive animal P.canaliculata.Ethanol extract of I.cairica toxic effects on P.canaliculata and its effects on O.sativa seedling growth were evaluated in pot culture.In sand pot culture conditions,the water solutions of the ethanol extract of I.cairica and its isolated phases toxic effects on P.canaliculata were significantly different.Both the toxic effects on P.canaliculata and the promoting effects on rice seedling growth were ethanol extract,methanol phase,ethylacetate phase,and ether phase in decreasing order.In the tested concentration range,the higher concentration of the water solutions both of ethanol extract of I.cairica and its isolated phases were,the stronger both toxic effects on P.canaliculata and promoting effects on the growth of rice seedling revealed.In pot culture with paddy soil conditions,it showed no significant differences between ethanol extract of I.cairica and Mita,which is an ordinary molluscicide,to reduce P.canaliculata grazing rice seedling（p〉0.05）.Furthermore,the ethanol extract of I.cairica promoted the growth of rice seedling slightly than that of cultured either in water or Mita solution.The ethanol extract of I.cairica showed toxic effect on P.canaliculata indeed,but it showed no harmful effects,and even somehow promoting effects on the growth of rice seedling.Obviously,it is a potential non-chemical method to use I.cairica to mange P.canaliculata in rice production,and it has a better applying prospect which is valuable done further investigations.