具捕食偏爱的似然竞争模型及模拟分析

A apparent competition model with predator's preference for prey and its simulation analysis

在集合种群似然竞争模型的基础上引入了捕食者对猎物偏爱性因素,提出了具捕食偏爱的似然竞争模型。应用动力系统方法研究了系统的平衡态,用计算机模拟研究了偏爱度对平衡态的影响、平衡态在偏爱度与斑块破坏共同作用下的变化、偏爱度对系统演化动态以及空间分布的影响。结果表明:(1)适度地平衡捕食者对各猎物的偏爱度,有利于系统物种共存;(2)斑块破坏对捕食系统的影响程度与捕食者对各猎物的偏爱度密切相关;(3)适当的增加捕食者对优势猎物的偏爱能有效的缩短系统达到稳定共存的驰豫时间;(4)猎物的丰富度与捕食者对该猎物的偏爱度负相关,猎物斑块的破碎化程度与捕食者对该猎物的偏爱度正相关;(5)在遭破坏的斑块上,多食者比单食者更有利于生存。该研究结果对生态保护和生物资源的可持续利用有重要的启发和指导意义。

On the basis of metapopulation,this paper introduce the predator＇s preference for prey into apparent competition model and a new apparent competition system is constructed.By dynamical analysis and considerable computer simulation of the system,we investigate the effects of predator′s preference for prey on the dynamics of the coexistence equilibria.The results show：（1） the suitable changing predator＇s preference for prey will improve the coexistence of species;（2） patch destruction is closely related to predator＇s preference for prey;（3） the suitable increasing predator＇s preference for the superior prey will lead to the shorter steady time;（4） The abundance of the prey have a negative correlation with the predator＇s preference for this prey and the fragmentation of the region occupied by the prey have a positive correlation with the predator＇s preference for this prey;（5） the polyphagous predator is more easier to survival than the monophagous predator in a destroyed patch.The results provide a theoretical basis for biodiversity conservation and sustainable development.