全沟硬蜱是我国北方地区莱姆病螺旋体的主要传播媒介

IXODES PERSULCATUS PLAYS A LEADING ROLE IN THE TRANSMISSION OF BORRELIA BURGDORFERI SENSU LATO TO HUMAN IN NORTHERN REGION OF CHINA

研究我国北方地区莱姆病螺旋体的生物媒介—蜱的种类、带菌状况及在传播莱姆病中的作用。用布旗法和动物诱捕法在山林地区采集蜱，分类鉴定，直接荧光抗体染色法查蜱中肠带菌率，ＢＳＫ培养基分离病原体，单克隆抗体鉴定菌株。调查蜱叮咬率与人群莱姆病感染率、患病率以及蜱的季节消长与莱姆病慢性游走性红斑（ＥＣＭ）病例发生的季节性关系。在北方１０省（市、区）共采集到１００００多只蜱，分属为２科７属１１种，以全沟硬蜱为优势种，占８０％～９５％。４种蜱的中肠携带莱姆病螺旋体，全沟硬蜱的带菌率高达２０．００％～４５．００％。从４种蜱分离到９８株莱姆病螺旋体，其中９０％以上是从全沟硬蜱分离的。全沟硬蜱叮咬率高的人群，莱姆病的感染率和患病率也高。全沟硬蜱的季节消长与ＥＣＭ发生的季节性相一致。证实我国北方地区至少有４种蜱的中肠内携带莱姆病螺旋体，莱姆病螺旋体的主要生物媒介是全沟硬蜱。

In order to study the species, bacteria carring status and the role in the transmitting lyme disease of ticks which is the vector of Borrelia bugdorferi sensu lato(B.b.s.l) in the North region of China, the cloth setting method and animal attracting method were used to collect and classify the ticks. The bacteria carring rate of intestine was tested using direct immunofluorescence. The pathogen was isolated using BSK culture. The bacteria strains were determined with monoclonal antibody. The biting rate of tick, the infectious rate and the morbidity of lyme disease were studied, as well as the seasonal relationship between the seasonal change of ticks and the incidence of ECM. More than 10,000 ticks belonging to 2 families, 7 genera and 11 species were collected in 10 provinces of north China,with the Ixodes persulcatus as the dominant species, accounted about 80%-95%. The spirochetes were found in 4 species of ticks. The bacteria carring rate of Ixodes persulcatus was as high as 20.00%-45.00%.98 strains of lyme spirochetes were isolated from the 4 species of ticks, and more than 90% were isolated from Ixodes persulcatus. The infectious rate and morbidity of lyme disease were high when the biting rate of Ixodes persulcatus was high.The seasonal change of adult Ixodes persulcatus was coincident with patients with ECM. All these proved that Ixodes persulcatus played a leading role in the transmission of B.b.s.l. to human in northern region of China and at least four species of ticks carried lyme spirochetes in their middle intestine.