震灾救援官兵心理应激变化规律及启示

Characteristics and Implication of Psychological Stress of Soldiers in Earthquake Rescue

目的探析抗震救灾官兵在不同救援阶段的心理应激变化规律,为今后非战争军事行动中搞好心理卫生服务工作提供参考。方法通过回顾性调查和现场收集资料,了解官兵心理应激状况及部队开展心理疏导较成功的做法。结果抗震救灾初期官兵心理应激反应较严重,属于急性心理应激;抗震救灾后期官兵的负性情绪主要表现为担忧心理、厌战心理、焦虑心理和失落心理。有效缓解官兵心理应激的措施包括:紧贴任务特点,排解官兵不良心理反应;坚持以人为本,开展健康有益的文体活动;跟踪观察分析,开展团体心理辅导活动。结论抗震救灾过程中官兵心理应激状况有其特殊性,心理卫生服务人员应根据救援官兵实际心理变化情况开展心理疏导工作。

Objective To analyse the characteristics of psychological stress of soldiers in different epochs of earthquake rescue and to supply reference for psychological service of non-war military operations in the future.Methods By using retrospective research and in-situ data collection,psychological stress status of soldiers and successful psychological guidance were investigated.Results In early rescue work,the psychological stress of soldiers was serious and belonged to acute stress.In late rescue work, the negative emotions included worries, weariness, anxiety and loss. Effective measures to release the psychological stress included releasing the bad psychological reaction according to the mission charac- teristics, developing healthy and beneficial entertainment, and carrying out group psychological guidance based on obser- vation and analysis. Conclusion Psychological stress of soldiers in earthquake rescue has special characteristics. Health care service staff should develop the psychological guidance according to the practical psychological status of soldiers.