病原菌菌膜形成相关基因的研究进展

Research Progress on Molecular Mechanism of Pathogenic Biofilm Formation

菌膜是指细菌在应对生长逆境时,通过产生胞外多糖聚合物,使细菌细胞相互粘连形成的膜状物,这是微生物的一种自我保护性生长方式,不同于浮游生长状态。研究发现,病原菌在医疗和食品加工环境中形成菌膜后,难以被抗生素和消毒剂抑制或杀灭,容易引起慢性感染和食品的二次污染,增加了医学治疗难度和食品污染的几率。为了预防病原菌菌膜的形成和治疗由菌膜引起的慢性感染,人们对菌膜的形成机理进行了大量的基础研究。本文以典型的铜绿假单胞菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、霍乱弧菌为例,对菌膜形成相关基因及调控机制的研究进展予以综述。

Biofilms are self-protection growth pattern of bacteria, which are different from their planktonic mode. Pathogenic bacterial biofilms are inherently resistant to antibiotic and other disinfections, which have caused chronic or persistent infections in clinics and serious cross or post-process contamination in food-processing industries. In order to find out effective approaches to prevent biofilm formation and cure infection from germs, more attentions have been paid on the study of the formation mechanism of pathogenic biofilms. In this paper, the progress on the mechanism of pathogenic biofilms were reviewed based on three typical pathogens, including Pseudomonas aeruginoso, Staphylococcus aureus and Vibrio cholerae.