内蒙古流动作业人员职业病危害现状及防治对策

Status of Occupational Hazards and Control Measures in Floating workers of Inner Mongolia

目的了解内蒙古流动作业人员职业病危害现状并提出相应的防治对策。方法采用问卷调查法对187家企业、1526名流动作业人员和职业卫生服务机构进行调查。结果所调查1526名流动作业人员中,接触职业病危害因素的占66.91%,职业病危害告知率为52.9%,岗前培训率为47.6%,防护用品配备率为52.28%;岗前、岗间,离岗时的职业健康检查率分别为44.0%、64.2%和零,体检结果告知率为65.7%,异常者复查率为39.0%;所调查的187家企业中,职业健康监护档案的建档率为42.2%,配备专职职业卫生管理人员仅占18.9%。结论内蒙古流动作业人员职业病危害现状不容乐观;应结合其实际制定针对流动作业人员的可操作性的、系统性的、长效的职业卫生规划,并应积极探索适合流动作业人员的职业健康监护模式。

[ Objective] To understand the occupational hazards in floating workers of Inner Mongolia, and propose related control measures. [ Methods] Questionnaire was adopted to investigate 187 enterprises, 1526 floating workers and occupational health service agencies. [ Results ] Of 1526 floating people, 66.91% had exposed to occupational hazards, informing rate of occupational hazards was 52.9% , 47.6% had trained before job, 52.28% had protective equipment; health examination rate before job, in the position and after leaving the job was 44.0% , 64.2% , 0 respectively. The informing rate of health examination was 65.7% , the rate of reexamination of the abnormal was 39.0%. Of the 187 investigated enterprises, the rate of establishing occupational health files was 42.2%, only 18.9% had full-time occupational health manager. [Condusion] The occupational hazards were not controlled well in floating workers of Inner Mongolia; long-term occupational health programs with operability and systematicness should be developed on the actual conditions, and it is necessary to explore the occupational health surveillance mode for floating workers.