发达国家环境应急管理机制探讨

Discussion on Mechanism of Environmental Emergency Management in Developed Countries

本文通过考察发达国家环境应急管理的演进过程，探讨其发达国家应对环境污染突发事件的机制过程。本文研究发现：首先，环境突发事件推动了发达国家相关应急管理机构的建立和加强；其次，环境突发事件促进了发达国家环境应急法律法规体系的健全和完善；再者，环境信息公开是发达国家有效预防和应对环境突发事件的重要手段；同时，建立应急管理基金及提供灾难损害补偿机制是环境应急管理坚实的经济保证；最后，建立有效的责任与利益分享的市场机制是有效减少环境突发事件风险与影响的必要。

This paper discusses the mechanism of developed countries in dealing with environmental pollution accidents by reviewing the evolvement of environmental emergency management in developed countries. This paper points that in analyses：（1） The environmental pollution accidents have boost the building and enhancement of correlated environmental emergency management institutions. （2） The environmental pollution accidents have boost the formulation and perfection of law and rule system for environmental emergency management in developed counties. （3） The environmental information disclosure is the important measure by which developed countries have effectively prevented and dealt with the environmental pollution accidents. （4） Developed countries have set up the emergency management fund and support mechanism of compensating for hazardous accidents by the stably financial guarantee in environmental emergency management. （5） Developed countries have implemented effective market mechanism which is shared the responsibility and interests by equity among the stakeholders to effectively decrease the risk and impacts of environmental pollution accidents.