陕北志丹方言的“敢”

On "Gan" in Zhidan Dialect of Northern Shaanxi

陕北志丹方言中的"敢"既是助动词,又是测度副词。特别是作为助动词,可兼表主观意愿和客观可能,与普通话相比用法更多样,使用频率更高。文章联系其他方言和近代汉语的研究结论,在共时描写、比较"敢"的语法功能的同时,着重从历时的角度对表"客观可能"之"敢"的来源进行探讨。

＂Gan＂ in Zhidan dialect of Northern Shaanxi is both an auxiliary verb and a degree adverb. As an auxiliary verb, it expresses the subjective willingness and objective probability.Compared with Chinese Putonghua, it has more variety and higher frequency in use. With the reference of the research findings of other dialects and modem Chinese, this paper presents the synchronic description and the grammatical functions of ＂Gan＂, meanwhile it focuses on the discussion of the source of ＂objective probability ＂ of ＂Gan＂ from a diachronic perspective.